Air quality has become a pressing concern in many cities worldwide. The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a crucial tool that helps us understand just how clean or polluted our air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern.
Air pollution can significantly impact urban areas and public health
What is AQI?
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized indicator developed by environmental agencies to communicate how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become. Think of it as a yardstick that runs from 0 to 500. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern.
The AQI tracks five major air pollutants: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Each of these pollutants has different health effects, and the AQI focuses on the pollutant levels that pose the greatest risk at any given time.
AQI Levels Explained
Good (0-50)
HealthyAir quality is satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk. Perfect for outdoor activities.
Moderate (51-100)
AcceptableAir quality is acceptable. However, there may be a risk for some people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (101-150)
CautionMembers of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is less likely to be affected.
Unhealthy (151-200)
UnhealthySome members of the general public may experience health effects. Sensitive groups may experience more serious effects.
Very Unhealthy (201-300)
AlertHealth alert: The risk of health effects is increased for everyone. Avoid outdoor activities.
Hazardous (301-500)
EmergencyHealth warning of emergency conditions. The entire population is likely to be affected. Stay indoors.
Modern sensors help monitor air quality in real-time
Health Effects of Poor Air Quality
Exposure to poor air quality can have both immediate and long-term health consequences. Understanding these effects helps us take appropriate protective measures.
Short-term Effects
- Eye, nose, and throat irritation
- Coughing and difficulty breathing
- Headaches and dizziness
- Fatigue and reduced physical performance
- Aggravation of asthma and other respiratory conditions
Long-term Effects
- Reduced lung function and lung disease
- Increased risk of heart disease and stroke
- Respiratory infections and chronic bronchitis
- Lung cancer from prolonged exposure
- Premature death in people with heart or lung disease
Protective masks can help filter harmful pollutants
Who is Most at Risk?
While poor air quality can affect anyone, certain groups are more vulnerable to its harmful effects and should take extra precautions.
Children
Their lungs are still developing, and they breathe more air relative to their body weight than adults.
Elderly Adults
More likely to have pre-existing heart or lung conditions that can be aggravated by air pollution.
People with Asthma
Air pollutants can trigger asthma attacks and worsen chronic respiratory conditions.
Pregnant Women
Exposure to air pollution may affect fetal development and increase risk of complications.
Heart Disease Patients
Air pollution can trigger heart attacks and worsen existing cardiovascular conditions.
Outdoor Workers
Extended exposure during work hours increases their risk of health complications.
Indoor activities are recommended when AQI levels are high
Tips to Protect Yourself from High AQI
Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce your exposure to air pollution and protect your health during poor air quality days.
Check AQI Daily
Monitor local AQI levels using weather apps or government websites before planning outdoor activities. Schedule outdoor exercise for times when AQI is lowest.
Limit Outdoor Activities
When AQI is high, reduce time spent outdoors, especially for strenuous activities. Move workouts indoors and keep windows closed during peak pollution hours.
Use Air Purifiers
Invest in quality air purifiers with HEPA filters for your home, especially in bedrooms. They can significantly reduce indoor particulate matter.
Wear Protective Masks
Use N95 or KN95 masks when you must be outdoors during high AQI days. Ensure proper fit for maximum protection against fine particulate matter.
Keep Indoor Air Clean
Avoid activities that pollute indoor air like smoking, burning candles, or using strong chemical cleaners during high AQI periods.
Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water to help your body flush out toxins and maintain healthy respiratory function during poor air quality days.
Consult Your Doctor
If you have respiratory or heart conditions, discuss an action plan with your healthcare provider for managing health during poor air quality days.
Take Action for Cleaner Air
Understanding AQI empowers us to make informed decisions about our health and daily activities. While individual protective measures are important, collective action is also crucial. Support clean air initiatives in your community, reduce your own contribution to air pollution by using public transportation or carpooling, and advocate for stronger environmental policies.
Remember, clean air is a fundamental right and essential for good health. By staying informed and taking appropriate precautions, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the harmful effects of air pollution.
Need Medical Advice?
If you experience persistent respiratory symptoms or health concerns related to air quality, consult with a healthcare professional. Our pharmacy team can also help you find appropriate protective equipment and respiratory health products.
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